Persepsi, Efektifitas, dan Keamanan Penggunaan Rokok Elektrik (E-Cigarette) oleh Perokok Aktif sebagai Terapi dalam Smoking Cessation: Mixed Methods dengan Pendekatan Studi Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25026/jtpc.v4i2.142Keywords:
persepsi, efektifitas, keamanan, rokok elektrik, smoking cessationAbstract
Rokok merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab gangguan kesehatan terbesar di dunia. Kerugian dalam hal kesehatan dan ekonomi tersebut maka program berhenti merokok (smoking cessation) menjadi pilihan utama pengobatan bagi perokok. Kini banyak perokok beralih menggunakan rokok elektrik (e-cigarette) yang meningkat pesat perkembangannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali lebih dalam mengenai persepsi, efektifitas dan keamanan penggunaan rokok elektrik oleh perokok aktif dalam usahanya untuk berhenti merokok. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan mix method, dengan tahap metode deskriptif dan tahap interpretatif phenomenologi analysis (IPA) dalam mengamati persepsi, efektifitas, dan keamanan. Responden yang terlibat sebanyak 47 orang, yaitu pengguna rokok elektrik yang sebelumnya pernah menggunakan rokok biasa (tembakau). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan partisipan menganggap rokok elektrik efektif membantu dalam proses smoking cessation. Rokok eletrik terbukti mengurangi frekuensi penggunaan rokok tembakau (25%) dan menyebabkan berhenti merokok (75%). Sedangkan sebagian besar responden tidak mengalami efek samping (66,66%), dan efek yang dilaporkan adalah tenggorokan terasa kering dan batuk (33,33%). Kesimpulannya rokok elektrik diyakini mampu membantu proses smoking cessation walaupun efektifitas dan keamanannya masih membutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut.
Kata Kunci: persepsi, efektifitas, keamanan, rokok elektrik, smoking cessation
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References
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29. Karakaya O, Barutcu I, MD, Esen AM, Kaya D, Turkmen M, Melek M, et al. Acute Smoking-Induced Alterations in Doppler Echocardiographic Measurements in Chronic Smokers. Tex Heart Inst J. 2006; 33(2): 134–138.
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2. Peraturan Pemerintah No. 19 Tahun 2003 tentang Pengamanan Rokok Bagi Kesehatan
3. CDC (Centre for Disease Control and Preventio). 2014. SMOKING AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/50th-anniversary/pdfs/fs_smoking_CVD_508.pdf
4. Global Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), 2016, Global Initative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (Update).
5. Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia. (2017. Rokok vs. Kemiskinan. https://www.bps.go.id/KegiatanLain/view/id/133
6. Rigotti NA, Pipe AL, Benowitz NL, Arteaga C, Garza D, Tonstad S. 2010. Efficacy and safety of varenicline for smoking cessation in patients with cardiovascular disease: a randomized trial. Circulation. 2010 Jan 19;121(2):221-9. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.869008. Epub 2010 Jan 4.
7. Sadikin ZD, Lousia M, 2011. Program Berhenti Merokok. Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia. 58(4):130-137.
8. Berrendero F., Robledo P., Trigo J. M., MartÃn-GarcÃa E., Maldonado R. (2010). Neurobiological mechanisms involved in nicotine dependence and reward: participation of the endogenous opioid system. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 35, 220–23110.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.02.006
9. Lorensia A., Yudiarso A, Pratama AM. 2016. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: Pharmacy Student Perceptions of Cigarette Smoking of Health Awareness in Smoking Cessation. Jurnal ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal, UBAYA, July 2016. 31(4):170-179 (ISSN0215-0158).
10. Wilkes, 2008. The use of bupropion SR in cigarette smoking cessation. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2008 Mar; 3(1): 45–53.
11. Fagerström K, Hughes J. Varenicline in the treatment of tobacco dependence. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2008 Apr; 4(2): 353–363.
12. Gourlay SG, Stead LF, Benowitz N. Clonidine for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD000058. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000058.pub2.
13. Prades JLP, Abellán-Perpiñán JM, Méndez-MartÃnez I, DÃaz-Cerezo S, Burgoa VS. 2011. Working Papers from Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Department of Economics.
14. Jamie Brown, Emma Beard, Daniel Kotz, Susan Michie & Robert West, 2014, Real-World Effectiveness Of E-Cigarettes When Used To Aid Smoking Cessation: A Cross-Sectional Population Study.
15. Caponnetto P, Campagna D, Cibella F, Morjaria JB, Caruso M, Polosa R, 2013, Efficiency And Safety of an Electronic Cigarette as Tobacco Cigarette Substitute: A Prospective 12-Moth Randomized Control Design Study.
16. Bullen C, McRobbie H, Thornley S, et al., 2010, Effect Of An Electronic Nicotine Delivery Device (E-Cigarette) On Desire To Smoke And Nicotine Delivery: Randomised Cross-Over Trial.
17. Polosa R, Caponnetto P, Morjaria JB, Papale G, Campagna D, Russo C, 2011, Effect Of an Electronic Nicotine Delivery Device(E-Cigarette) On Smoking Reduction And Cessation: A Prospective 6-Month Pilot Study.
18. Erbach G. Electronic Cigarettes. Library of the European Parliament. 2013:130494REV2:1-8
19. Etter JF. 2010. Electronic cigarettes: a survey of users. BMC Public Health 2010, 10:231
20. Bustan M.N. Epidemiologi Penyakit Tidak Menular. Edisi Kedua. Jakarta : Rineka Cipta.2007
21. Nurhidayati F, Triratnawati A. Smoking Cessation Therapy. Makara Journal of Health Research. 2005;9(1):15-22
22. D’Souza MS, Markou A. Neuronal Mechanisms Underlying Development of Nicotine Dependence: Implications for Novel Smoking-Cessation Treatments. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2011 Jul; 6(1): 4–16
23. Gotti C, Guiducci S, Tedesco V, Corbioli S, Zanetti L, Moretti M, Zanardi A, Rimondini R, Mugnaini M, Clementi F, Chiamulera C, Zoli M. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the mesolimbic pathway: primary role of ventral tegmental area alpha6beta2* receptors in mediating systemic nicotine effects on dopamine release, locomotion, and reinforcement. J Neurosci. 2010 Apr 14;30(15):5311-25
24. Twyman L, Bonevski B, Paul C, Bryant J. Perceived barriers to smoking cessation in selected vulnerable groups: a systematic review of the qualitative and quantitative literature. BMJ Open. 2014;4:e006414
25. Farsalinos KE, Tsiapras D, Kyrzopoulus S, Sawopoulu M, Voudris V, 2014, Acute Effects Of Using An Electronic Nicotine Delivery Device (Electronic Cigarette) On Myocardial Function: Comparison With The Effects Of Regular Cigarettes. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2014 Jun 23;14:78.
26. Farsalinos KE, Romagna G, Tsiapras D, Kyrzopoulus S, Voudris V. 2014, Characteristics, Perceived Side Effect And Benefits Of Electronic Cigarette Use: A Worldwide Survey Of More Than 19000 Consumers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11(4), 4356-4373
27. Heavner K, Dunworth J, Bergen P, Nissen C, Carl V. Phillips, 2009, Electronic Cigarettes (E-Cigarettes) As Potential Tobacco Harm Reduction Products : Results Of An Online Survey Of E-Cigarette Users. (http://www.tobaccoharmreduction.org/wpapers/electronic.pdf)
28. Lichodziejewska B, Kurnicka k, grudzka k, et al., 2007. Chronic and acute effects of smoking on left and right ventricular relaxation in young healthysmokers. CHEST. 131:1142-1148
29. Karakaya O, Barutcu I, MD, Esen AM, Kaya D, Turkmen M, Melek M, et al. Acute Smoking-Induced Alterations in Doppler Echocardiographic Measurements in Chronic Smokers. Tex Heart Inst J. 2006; 33(2): 134–138.
30. Czogala J, Goniewicz ML, Fidelus B, Zielinska-Danch W, Travers MJ, Sobczak A. Secondhand Exposure to Vapor from Electronic Cigarettes. Nicotine Tob Res. 2014 Jun;16(6):655-62
31. Flouris AD, Poulianiti KP , Chorti MS, Jamurtas AZ, Kouretas D, Owolabi EO, Tzatzarakis MN , Tsatsakis AM, Koutedakis Y. Acute effects of electronic and tobacco cigarette smoking on complete blood count. Food and Chemical Toxicology 50 (2012) 3600–3603
32. McEwen A, McRobbie H. Electronic cigarettes: A briefing for stop smoking services. National Centre for Smoking Cessation and Training (NCSCT). 2016
33. Kosmider L, Sobczak A, Filk M, Knysak J, Zaciera M, Kurek J, Goniewicz ML , 2014, Carbonyl Compounds In Electronic Cigarette Vapor Effects Of Nicotine Solvent And Battery Output Voltage. Nicotine Tob Res. 2014 Oct;16(10):1319-26.
34. Perkins R. E-cigarette smoke found to contain toxic metals. Usc news https://news.usc.edu/67718/e-cigarette-smoke-found-to-contain-toxic-metals/
35. Westenberger B.J. Evaluation of e-cigarettes. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug And Drug Administration. 2009: DPATR-FY-09-23
36. Wollscheid, K. A., & Kremzner, M. E. (2009). Electronic cigarettes: Safety
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Published
2017-12-31
How to Cite
Lorensia, A., Yudiarso, A., & Herwansyah, F. R. (2017). Persepsi, Efektifitas, dan Keamanan Penggunaan Rokok Elektrik (E-Cigarette) oleh Perokok Aktif sebagai Terapi dalam Smoking Cessation: Mixed Methods dengan Pendekatan Studi Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif. Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry, 4(2), 66–78. https://doi.org/10.25026/jtpc.v4i2.142
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